2024학년도 수능특강 영어 13강 05-12강 원문 분석 (2023)

► Exercise 05  |  page 72

❶ Caregivers for the old do much more than simply perform tasks. ❷ They provide intellectual engagement, social interaction, and emotional support, key factors in long-term health and longevity. ❸ As society has grown more urban and as family homes have become less multigenerational, greater numbers of the elderly now live alone. ❹ This shift brings with it 1 diminished opportunities for social interaction. ❺ In the United States, a 2010 American Association of Retired Persons study found that over a third of respondents age forty-five and older were lonely as measured on the UCLA loneliness scale. ❻ Interactions with robots offer an opportunity to counteract, if not entirely remedy, the effects of such social isolation. ❼ Brain scan studies using fMRI have shown people have a measurable emotional response to robots similar to that measured when interacting with other people, at least in certain situations. ❽ While robots and technology can’t entirely fill our need for social interaction, they may be able to provide some level of engagement.

"The Vital Role of Caregivers in the Well-being of the Elderly" "Social Isolation and the Need for Emotional Support: The Role of Caregivers" "Addressing Loneliness and Promoting Well-being in Aging Populations" "Robot Companionship: A Potential Solution for the Social Isolation of the Elderly"

[원문 출처]  Heart of the Machine :Our Future in a World of Artificial Emotional Intelligence Richard Yonck Who Will Really Care?

[한 줄 요약] Caregivers for the elderly offer more than just assistance; they provide cognitive stimulation, social connection, and emotional support, which are crucial for long-term well-being and lifespan, particularly in a society where older individuals increasingly live alone and experience social isolation.

[주요 유의어] Perform tasks: Carry out duties, execute responsibilities /  Intellectual engagement: Mental stimulation, cognitive involvement Multigenerational: Multi-age, comprising multiple generations Diminished opportunities: Reduced chances, limited possibilities Social interaction: Human connection, interpersonal engagement Loneliness scale: Measurement of solitude, assessment of feeling alone Remedy: Address, alleviate  /  Engagement: Involvement, interaction

► Exercise 06 |  page 73

❶ How are films made and produced? ❷ A news item, an event, a novel or the biography of an important person might suggest suitable themes. ❸ The film director’s first job is to write a short account of the subject and to present it for a producer. ❹ This simple, untechnical plan is called a treatment. ❺ Movie director Jean Renoir and his scriptwriter wrote several unused treatments for La Grande Illusion. ❻ One of them is easy to get hold of; it 2 is quite different from the final film. ❼ If a producer and a group of actors are interested in the scheme, the director or the scriptwriter rewrites the text in order to give a full list of shots, described in their order, with stage directions and technical terms clearly marked; this is the scenario. ❽ There is a good scenario of October (Ten Days That Shook the World) written by Eisenstein himself but, once again, it is far removed from the three finished versions of the film we can see today. ❾ It is difficult to put into practice what was decided beforehand, and important alterations occur in the course of production.

"The Process of Film Making and Production: From Idea to Screen" "From Concept to Execution: The Journey of Filmmaking" "Unveiling the Steps of Film Creation and Production”  "Behind the Scenes: How Films Come to Life”

[원문 출처]  The Historical Film : History and Memory in Media Marcia Landy Filmmaking and Film Analysis

[한 줄 요약] The process of making and producing films involves identifying suitable themes, creating a treatment or scenario outlining the subject and shots, and going through revisions and alterations during production

[주요 유의어] Themes: Subjects, topics, ideas  /  Suitable: Appropriate, fitting, suitable Short account: Summary, synopsis  / Treatment: Synopsis, summary, outline Unused treatments: Unutilized synopses, unused outlines  /  Stage directions: Director's cues, instructions Technical terms: Terminology, technical jargon /  Finished versions: Final cuts, completed films Alterations: Changes, modifications

Exercise 07  |  page 74

❶ Our present-day thinking is based on a succession of historically evolved mentalities; on mental edifices which previous generations have constructed, pulled down, renovated and extended. ❷ Past events are compressed in images and metaphors which determine our present thinking even if we are not always aware of them. ❸ Common sense is the thickly viscous form of the past, the reflex of history which, like the story about a puppet and a chess- playing machine, always triumphs. ❹ The puppet dressed in Turkish garb was sitting in front of a chessboard on a large table. ❺ A cunning arrangement of mirrors created the impression of being able to see underneath the table. ❻ In actual fact, there was a dwarf sitting underneath who was a chess master, and controlled the puppet. ❼ We can imagine 2 the continuous effect of historical experience acting like an ugly, unloved and happily forgotten dwarf, moving the pieces in the chess game of our everyday life.

"The Influence of Historical Mentalities on Present Thinking" "Unraveling the Impact of History on Our Thoughts" "The Persistence of Past Mindsets in Shaping Present Ideas"  "Metaphors, Images, and the Legacy of History in Our Thinking"

[원문 출처]  Everyday Discourse and Common Sense : The Theory of Social Representations Wolfgang Wagner, Nicky Hayes 1.1 History, memory, and psychology / 1.1.1 Mentalities

[한 줄 요약] Our current mindset is shaped by a series of historically developed perspectives and mental constructs, with past events and metaphors influencing our thinking, often unconsciously, and common sense serving as the prevailing force of history's influence.

[주요 유의어] Succession: Sequence, progression, series / Historically evolved mentalities: Historical mindsets, evolved perspectives Mental edifices: Mental constructs, conceptual frameworks  / Pulled down: Dismantled, demolished, destroyed Renovated: Remodeled, refurbished, renovated  / Extended: Expanded, enlarged, extended Compressed: Condensed, compacted, squeezed  / Images: Representations, depictions, visuals Metaphors: Figurative language, symbolic expressions  /  Reflex: Reflection, echo, response Arrangement: Configuration, setup, layout  /  Impression: Illusion, perception Continuous effect: Persistent impact, ongoing influence  / Historical experience: Past events, historical knowledge Ugly: Unattractive, unpleasant, repulsive  /  Unloved: Unappreciated, neglected, unwanted

Exercise 08  |  page 75

❶ The word “entertainment” derives from the Latin tenere, which means “to hold or keep steady, busy, or amused.” ❷ The notion of making money by keeping an audience steady, busy, or amused remains central to those in the business of entertainment. ❸ Media practitioners, then, define entertainment as material that grabs the audience’s attention and leaves agreeable feelings, as opposed to challenging their views of themselves and the world. ❹ However, this doesn’t mean that people who work in the entertainment business always 4 stay away from informing or persuading. ❺ Many movies that are categorized under “entertainment” by their production firms have been written and produced with the intention of making a political point (think of The Day After Tomorrow, Syriana, or Blood Diamond) or an educational point (like Schindler’s List, Crash, or Letters from lwo Jima). ❻ When media practitioners label a product as “entertainment,” though, they are signaling to their audiences that their primary concern should be with enjoyment, not with any other messages that may be included.

"Exploring the Essence of Entertainment: Holding, Amusing, and Profiting" "The Definition and Purpose of Entertainment in Media and Business" "Balancing Enjoyment and Impact: Entertainment in the Modern World" "The Intersection of Entertainment, Money, and Messaging"

[원문 출처]  Media Today : Mass Communication in a Converging World Joseph Turow Determining a Genre for Mass Media Content / Entertainment

[한 줄 요약] The origin of the term "entertainment" relates to capturing and engaging an audience, and the entertainment industry focuses on providing enjoyable experiences while avoiding challenging perspectives, although it does not preclude informing or persuading.

[주요 유의어] Derives from: Originates from, comes from, stems from /  Making money: Generating revenue, earning profits Audience: Viewers, spectators, listeners  /  Material: Content, media, material Grabs: Captures, engages, attracts  /  Challenging: Questioning, confronting, challenging Informing: Educating, providing information, enlightening  /  Persuading: Convincing, influencing, swaying Production firms: Film studios, production companies  /  Signaling: Indicating, conveying, suggesting Primary concern: Main focus, central objective  /  Enjoyment: Pleasure, amusement, entertainment

 

Exercise 09 |  page 76

❶ Ritual is a set of catalytic messages, effecting transformation of state from one season of the year or one stage of the life cycle to another. ❷ State refers either to a social and biological stage in life — adolescence or adulthood, for example — or to social status, such as graduate student or doctor of philosophy. ❸ Many vertebrate species — especially birds but fish and mammals, too — have ritual. ❹ In these animals ritual is triggered by certain messages or symbols 4 in response to chemical messages from the genes. ❺ For example, among the three-spined stickleback fish, the male’s zigzag courtship dance, whereby he entices a prospective mate to his nest, is triggered by the sight of her red belly, which is the signal that she is biologically ready to lay eggs. ❻ We assume, further, that the form of the zigzag dance itself is genetically programmed in the male’s nervous system. ❼ In any case, the ritual effects his transformation into a parent that tends the eggs in his nest.

"The Significance of Rituals in Catalyzing Transformations"  "Exploring the Role of Rituals in Social and Biological Transitions" "Rituals as Messages for State Transformations in Vertebrate Species" "The Connection Between Symbols, Genes, and Rituals in Animal Behavior"

[원문 출처]  Cultural Anthropology : The Field Study of Human Beings Alexander Moore Ch.4 / Language, Genetic Codes, Human Speech, and Culture / Ritual as a Language

[한 줄 요약] Rituals are a series of influential messages that bring about a transition from one season or life stage to another, affecting both social and biological states in various species.

[주요 유의어] Catalytic: Influential, transformative, impactful  /  Messages: Signals, signs, cues Transformation: Transition, change, conversion  /  State: Stage, condition, phase Season of the year: Period, cycle, season  /   Life cycle: Developmental cycle, growth cycle, life stages Social and biological stage in life: Developmental stage, life phase  /  Social status: Position, rank, standing Ritual: Ceremony, rite, tradition  /  Vertebrate species: Animals with a backbone, animals with a spine Triggered: Initiated, activated, prompted  /  Symbols: Signs, markers, representations Genes: Genetic material, DNA  /  Nervous system: Neural system, nerve network

Exercise 10 |  page 77

❶ Post-traumatic stress syndrome became common knowledge but not the concept of post-traumatic growth, which is actually far more widespread. ❷ Most people who undergo trauma ultimately feel that the experience has made them stronger, wiser, more mature, more tolerant and understanding, or in some other way better people. ❸ The influential psychologist Martin Seligman has often lamented that so much attention is lavished on post-traumatic stress syndrome rather than post-traumatic growth because it causes people to mistakenly expect that bad events will have mainly negative effects. ❹ After being exposed to a terrifying event, at least 80 percent of people do not experience post-traumatic stress syndrome. ❺ Even though a single bad event is more powerful than a good event, over time people respond in so many constructive ways that they typically emerge more capable than ever of confronting life’s challenges. ❻ 3 Bad can make us stronger in the end.

"The Overlooked Phenomenon of Post-Traumatic Growth" "Exploring the Positive Outcomes of Trauma: Post-Traumatic Growth" "Post-Traumatic Growth: Embracing Resilience and Transformation" "Shifting the Focus: From Post-Traumatic Stress to Post-Traumatic Growth"

[원문 출처]  The Power of Bad : How the Negativity Effect Rules Us and How We Can Rule It John Tierney, Roy F. Baumeister The Negativity Effect

[한 줄 요약] While post-traumatic stress syndrome receives significant attention, the concept of post-traumatic growth, which is more prevalent, highlights how many individuals feel that traumatic experiences ultimately lead to personal growth and positive changes.

[주요 유의어] Common knowledge: Widely known, widespread understanding  Post-traumatic stress syndrome: PTSD, traumatic stress disorder Concept: Idea, notion, understanding  /  Far more widespread: More prevalent, more common, more widespread Lavished: Focused, directed, emphasized  /  Mistakenly expect: Erroneously anticipate, wrongly assume Exposed to: Subjected to, confronted with  /  Constructive ways: Positive ways, beneficial ways Capable: Competent, proficient, able  /  Confronting: Facing, tackling, dealing with

Exercise 11 |  page78

❶ There is a common misconception that the reason we have hunger is because 2 the earth is straining to feed an ever-growing population. ❷ This is not the case. ❸ The world uses only about a third of its arable land for crop production. ❹ And even that third we use inefficiently. ❺ China, for instance, has dramatically higher crop yields per acre than the United States, primarily because, even though the two countries are comparable in size, China has three times the population of the United States and only one-sixth the arable land, so its population has to grow crops more efficiently. ❻ Planet earth is in fact such a prodigious producer of food that in the United States, enough food is thrown away to keep all of the hungry people in the world fed.

"Dispelling the Misconception: The Real Causes of Global Hunger" "Unveiling the Truth: The Misunderstood Relationship Between Population Growth and Hunger" "Inefficient Land Use and Food Waste: The Surprising Factors Behind Global Hunger"

[원문 출처]  The Fourth Age : Smart Robots, Conscious Computers, and the Future of Humanity Byron Reese The Road from Here

[한 줄 요약] There is a widespread misconception that global hunger is caused by the earth's struggle to sustain a growing population, but in reality, we use only a fraction of our arable land for crops and do so inefficiently, leading to a surplus of wasted food that could feed those in need worldwide.

[주요 유의어] Common misconception: Widely held belief, popular misunderstanding   /  Reason: Cause, explanation Straining: Stressed, burdened, struggling   /  Ever-growing: Continuously increasing, constantly expanding Arable land: Cultivable land, fertile soil   /  Crop production: Agricultural output, farming activities Inefficiently: Ineffectively, wastefully   /  Dramatically higher: Significantly greater, substantially higher Crop yields per acre: Agricultural productivity per unit of land area  /   Comparable: Similar, equivalent

Exercise 12 |  page 79

❶ There is a saying made famous by the Nobel memorial prize- winning economist Milton Friedman that ‘There’s no such thing as a free lunch' — that we can’t magic wealth out of nothing (say, by printing money) or shift costs into the ether. ❷ Friedman’s view was that if we legislate to reduce a burden on some citizens, or to increase the advantages they may enjoy, there will be repercussions somewhere down the line that will involve a cost for others and might even ultimately mean the measure is counterproductive. ❸ So even if a meal is priced at zero, someone, somewhere is paying for it. ❹ Modern economics may disparage the concept of free lunches, yet, today, one often gets a sense from key economists and policy-makers that 1 a free lunch isn’t that far away. ❺ Economics aims to show how we can generate growth by identifying more efficient ways of organising society, thereby making us richer and, hopefully, happier, with the least amount of sacrifice on our part. ❻ Such a utopia is achievable, economists believe, because they understand the mechanisms that drive everything from business investment and production decisions to consumer purchase choices, to individual attitudes to saving.

”The Illusion of a Free Lunch: Unveiling the Economic Realities"  "Milton Friedman and the Fallacy of a Free Lunch" "The Cost of Choices: Exploring the Notion of 'No Free Lunch' in Economics"

[원문 출처]  Free Lunch Thinking : 8 Economic Myths and Why Politicians Fall for Them Tom Bergin Introduction

[한 줄 요약] The saying "There's no such thing as a free lunch" emphasizes that actions have consequences and costs, even if something appears to be offered without charge, and this notion is reiterated in modern economics despite some prevailing beliefs in the possibility of a free lunch.

[주요 유의어] Saying: Adage, proverb, maxim    /  Made famous: Popularized, renowned, well-known Magic: Create, generate, conjure    /  Wealth: Prosperity, riches, affluence Burden: Responsibility, obligation, encumbrance    /  Advantages: Benefits, privileges, advantages Repercussions: Consequences, effects, outcomes    /  Counterproductive: Ineffective, detrimental, adverse Priced at zero: Offered for free, costless    /  Sacrifice: Trade-off, relinquishment Business investment: Capital allocation, financial commitment