2024학년도 수능특강 영어 4강 원문 분석 (2023)

수능특강 # / 원문 출처 / 지문 / 지문 한 줄 분석입니다. 

► Exercise 01  |  page 23

❶ A key assumption in consumer societies has been the idea that “money buys happiness.” ❷ Historically, there is a good reason for this assumption — until the last few generations, a majority of people have lived close to subsistence, so an increase in income brought genuine increases in material well-being (e.g., food, shelter, health care) and this has produced more happiness. ❸ However, in a number of developed nations, levels of material well-being have moved beyond subsistence to unprecedented abundance. ❹ Developed nations have had several generations of unparalleled material prosperity, and a clear understanding is emerging: More money does bring more happiness when we are living on a very low income. ❺ However, as a global average, when per capita income reaches the range of $13,000 per year, additional income adds relatively little to our happiness, while other factors such as personal freedom, meaningful work, and social tolerance add much more. ❻ Often, a doubling or tripling of income in developed nations has not led to an increase in perceived well-being.                                                                                                                              

 

Money and Happiness: The Surprising Relationship

[원문 출처]  "The Art of Possibility" by Rosamund Stone Zander and Benjamin Zander Chapter 7. Giving Way to Passion: Rule Number Six / The Moneyless Scorecard

[한 줄 요약] The assumption that money buys happiness has been challenged as levels of material well-being have surpassed subsistence, with personal freedom, meaningful work, and social tolerance being more important factors in happiness beyond a per capita income of $13,000

[주요 유의어] Key assumption: fundamental belief, core premise      Material well-being: economic prosperity, material wealth, financial comfort Subsistence: survival, basic needs, minimum requirement                           Unprecedented abundance: unparalleled plenty, extraordinary surplus Per capita income: individual income, average earnings per person                 Personal freedom: autonomy, liberty, self-determination Meaningful work: fulfilling job, satisfying career          Social tolerance: acceptance, inclusivity, diversity Perceived well-being: subjective well-being, self-reported happiness, life satisfaction

► Exercise 02  |  page 24

❶ We are wired more for the struggle for survival on the savannah than we are for urban life. ❷ As a result, “Situations are constantly evaluated as good or bad, requiring escape or permitting approach.” ❸ In everyday life, this means that our aversion to losses is naturally greater than our attraction to gain (by a factor of two). ❹ We have an inbuilt mechanism to give priority to bad news. ❺ Our brains are set up to detect a predator in a fraction of a second, much quicker than the part of the brain that acknowledges one has been seen. ❻ That is why we can act before we even “know” we are acting. ❼ “Threats are privileged above opportunities,” Kahneman says. ❽ This natural tendency means that we “overweight” unlikely events, such as being caught in a terrorist attack. ❾ It also leads to us overestimating our chances of winning the lottery                                                                                                                     

 

Our brains are wired for survival: why we prioritize bad news

[원문 출처] "Thinking, Fast and Slow" by Daniel Kahneman Chapter 28. availability heuristic & the impact of mental availability on decision making

[한 줄 요약] Our brains are naturally wired to prioritize negative news and potential threats, causing us to overweight unlikely events and overestimate our chances of winning the lottery.

[한 줄 요약] Experiencing beauty can bring meaning to life and fulfill the demands of existence, not just through actions, but also through loving dedication to the beautiful, great, and good, as illustrated by the thought experiment of being moved by music in a concert hall.

[주요 유의어] wired: programmed, hardwired                                                struggle for survival: fight for existence, competition for survival aversion to losses: fear of loss, tendency to avoid losses                                                                                          attraction to gain: desire for gain, preference for benefits inbuilt mechanism: innate mechanism, natural tendency       give priority: prioritize, emphasize overestimate: overvalue, inflate

 

Exercise 03  |  page 

❶ It is not only through our actions that we can give life meaning — insofar as we can answer life’s specific questions responsibly
— we can fulfill the demands of existence not only as active agents but also as loving human beings: in our loving dedication to the beautiful, the great, the good. ❷ Should I perhaps try to explain for you with some hackneyed phrase how and why experiencing beauty can make life meaningful? ❸ I prefer to confine myself to the following thought experiment: imagine that you are sitting in a concert hall and listening to your favorite symphony, and your favorite bars of the symphony resound in your ears, and you are so moved by the music that it sends shivers down your spine; and now imagine that it would be possible for someone to ask you in this moment whether your life has meaning. ❹ I believe you would agree with me if I declared that in this case you would only be able to give one answer, and it would go something like: “It would have been worth it to have lived for this moment alone!”

Finding Meaning in Beauty: A Philosophical Reflection

[원문 출처]  "Man's Search for Meaning" by Viktor E. Frankl Logotherapy in a Nutshell / The Meaning of Life

[한 줄 요약] Experiencing beauty can bring meaning to life and fulfill the demands of existence, not just through actions, but also through loving dedication to the beautiful, great, and good, as illustrated by the thought experiment of being moved by music in a concert hall.

[주요 유의어] give life meaning: provide significance to existence            fulfill the demands of existence: meet the requirements of being alive loving dedication: affectionate devotion                               hackneyed phrase: clichéd                                                    confine myself: limit myself thought experiment: hypothetical scenario          shivers down your spine: tingling sensation in the body worth it: valuable or meaningful Beauty: aesthetics, art, elegance Moved: touched, affected, stirred

Exercise 04  |  page 27

❶ The process of research is often not entirely rational. ❷ In the classical application of the ‘scientific method’, the researcher is supposed to develop a hypothesis, then design a crucial experiment to test it. ❸ If the hypothesis withstands this test a
generalization is then argued for, and an advance in understanding has been made. ❹ But where did the hypothesis come from in
the first place? ❺ I have a colleague whose favourite question is ‘Why is this so?’, and I’ve seen this innocent question spawn
brilliant research projects on quite a few occasions. ❻ Research is a mixture of inspiration (hypothesis generation, musing over the odd and surprising, finding lines of attack on difficult problems) and rational thinking (design and execution of crucial experiments,
analysis of results in terms of existing theory). ❼ Most of the books on research methods and design of experiments — there are hundreds of them — are concerned with the rational part, and fail to deal with the creative part, yet without the creative part no real research would be done, no new insights would be gained, and no new theories would be formulated

 

The Role of Creativity in Research

[원문 출처]  "The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory" by Brian Greene The Super in Superstrings / The Creative Part of Research

[한 줄 요약] Research is a combination of rational thinking and creative inspiration, with the latter being often overlooked in traditional scientific methodology, but crucial for generating hypotheses and new insights.

[주요 유의어] rational - logical, reasonable, sensible                 scientific method - empirical method, systematic observation, experimentation inspiration - creativity, intuition, imagination, ingenuity musing - contemplation, reflection, pondering insights - understanding, perception, comprehension  formulated - developed, created, devised