고3 영어/2024학년도 수능특강 영어

2024학년도 수능특강 영어 3강 원문 분석 (2023)

Chals 2023. 6. 20. 16:42

수능특강 # / 원문 출처 / 지문 / 지문 한 줄 분석입니다. 

 

 

► Exercise 01  |  page 19

In the past there was little genetic pressure to stop people from becoming obese. Genetic mutations that drove people to consume fewer calories were much less likely to be passed on, because in an environment where food was scarcer and its hunting or gathering required considerable energy outlay, an individual with that mutation would probably die before they had a chance to reproduce. Mutations that in our environment of abundant food now drive us towards obesity, on the other hand, were incorporated into the population. Things are of course very different now but the problem is that evolutionary timescales are long. It's only in the last century or so, approximately 0.00004 per cent of mammalian evolutionary time, that we managed to tweak our environment to such a degree that we can pretty much eat whatever we want, whenever we want it. Evolution has another couple of thousand years to go before it can catch up with the current reality of online food shopping and delivery.

 

The Evolutionary Impact of Abundant Food on Obesity
[원문 출처] 

"Why our food is making us fat"
by Dr. Giles Yeo, published in The Guardian on June 17, 2018

What if everything we thought we knew about calories was wrong?
[한 줄 요약]

The
availability of food has drastically changed in the last century,
and our genetics haven't been able to
keep up with the mutation that would prevent obesity, as it was necessary in the past when food was scarce,
and it will take thousands of years for our genetics to
adapt to our current environment.
[주요 유의어]
Abundant: plentiful, ample
Tweaked: adjusted, modified
Scarcer: rarer, limited
Outlay: expenditure, effort
Mutations: genetic variations, changes
Catch up: adapt, adjust.

 

 

 

 Exercise 02  |  page 19

❶ The idea of family support, suggested as one of the preconditions of any child’s success, is far from being faultless. ❷ Thus, for example, the well-known musical psychologist Jane Davidson and her colleagues state that all the parents of children who later become successful musicians were, in fact, their charges’ great friends and allies from earliest childhood. ❸ If the great jazz musician Sidney Bechet were to hear of such a conclusion he would be surprised indeed. ❹ His altogether respectable parents, who dreamed of something rather more substantial and reliable than a career in music for their son, actually hid his clarinet from him. ❺ Robert Schumann’s mother, the widow of a publisher and literary translator, reconciled herself only with difficulty to her son’s choice of music as a profession; while Christoph W. Gluck, the great reformer of opera, was forced to roam about Italy and Bohemia after being expelled from home by his father. ❻ Even some of the great musical geniuses, it is clear, were given switches and coal by an unkind Fate instead of the presents other youngsters received. ❼ The ‘universal support’ given by parents to beginning musicians turns out, upon closer examination, to be a myth.

 

The Myth of Universal Parental Support in Music
[원문 출처] 

"Why our food is making us fat" by Dr. Giles Yeo, published in The Guardian on June 17, 2018

What if everything we thought we knew about calories was wrong?
[한 줄 요약]

Contrary to the idea that family support is necessary for a child's success in music, 

some successful musicians have had parents who did not support their musical aspirations.
[주요 유의어]
Faultless - flawless, perfect, impeccable                Conclusion - inference, deduction, verdict      
Respectable - honorable, decent, reputable           
Reconciled - accepted, adjusted, adapted             
Expelled - ejected, banished, ousted                       Geniuses - prodigies, savants, masterminds

Myth - fallacy, misconception, fabrication

 

 

 

Exercise 03  |  page 19

❶ A key feature particular to stories is that they have the ability to transport the reader. ❷ While experiencing stories, one can feel emotionally involved and as if being swept away as a participant. ❸ There is some evidence that being transported into a story requires a suspension of disbelief; enjoying Jurassic Park or a Harry Potter tale may involve putting aside what one knows about the world that contradicts the story. ❹ A story that suggests an unexpected outcome (“George Washington declined the nomination to become the first president of the United States”) results in readers being slower to verify well-known facts (“George Washington was elected first president of the United States”). ❺ This suspension of disbelief may make one less likely to spot problems in a narrative, as illustrated by a study in which participants read a story and circled any “false notes” or parts that did not make sense. ❻ Green and Brock refer to this method as “Pinocchio circling”: just as the puppet’s nose signaled when he told a falsehood, authors also leave clues when they are being untruthful. ❼ But readers who were more transported by the story spotted fewer “Pinocchios.”

 

The Power of Storytelling: Transporting Readers and Suspending Disbelief
[원문 출처] 

"Why our food is making us fat" by Dr. Giles Yeo, published in The Guardian on June 17, 2018

What if everything we thought we knew about calories was wrong?
[한 줄 요약]

Stories have the ability to emotionally involve and transport readers

by requiring a suspension of disbelief, which may make them less likely to spot problems in the narrative.


[주요 유의어]

Emotionally involved: engaged, invested, connected      
Suspension of disbelief: willing suspension of disbelief, acceptance of the unreal

Unexpected outcome: surprising result, unforeseen consequence
False notes: inaccuracies, errors, inconsistencies

Pinocchio circling: identifying untruths, detecting falsehoods

 

 

 

Exercise 04  |  page 19

❶ Marketing is based on notions that are 20 years out of date. ❷ The notion that if you put enough messages out there some of them will be heard. The notion that ‘building the brand' is money well spent. The notion that people believe what they see and read. ❸ Recent initiatives to take advantage of Web 2.0 technologies are merely reactions that apply old techniques to new media. ❹ Marketing needs to rethink the messages it is communicating, to whom it’s communicated and the methods being used. ❺ Many companies are disappointed at the lack of tangible return on their multi-million pounds marketing activities. ❻ Advertising remains the largest budget item on most firms' marketing plans. ❼ Advertising may be a fixture in a company’s annual spend, but management boards are increasingly questioning why this is. ❽ The most recent Brandchannel survey illustrates this point well. ❾ Four of the world’s five largest brands have never conducted any advertising, and the same is true for seven out of the 10 fastest-growing brands. ❿ There is no proven causal relationship between advertising and financial performance. ⓫ And advertising is just the tip of the melting marketing iceberg.

 

Rethinking Marketing: Outdated Notions and the Need for Change
[원문 출처] 

"Why our food is making us fat" by Dr. Giles Yeo, published in The Guardian on June 17, 2018

What if everything we thought we knew about calories was wrong?
[한 줄 요약]

Marketing is relying on outdated notions of brand building and message communication,

and needs to rethink its strategies to adapt to new technologies and changing consumer attitudes,

as evidenced by the lack of return on investment for many companies.


[주요 유의어]
Marketing: promotion, advertising
Out of date: obsolete, outdated, old-fashioned
Messages: communication, advertisements

Building the brand: brand awareness, brand building          
Tangible return: measurable results, concrete outcomes

Advertising: commercials, promotion, publicity          
Causal relationship: cause-and-effect relationship, correlation

Financial performance: financial results, profitability          
Melting iceberg: underlying issues, hidden problems.