2024학년도 수능특강 영어 13강 원문 분석 (2023)

► Exercise 01  |  page 70

❶ When we bemoan the lack of originality in the world, we blame it on the absence of creativity. ❷ If only people could generate more novel ideas, we’d all be better off. ❸ But in reality, the biggest barrier to originality is not idea generation — it’s idea 1 selection. ❹ In one analysis, when over two hundred people dreamed up more than a thousand ideas for new ventures and products, 87 percent were completely unique. ❺ Our companies, communities, and countries don’t necessarily suffer from a shortage of novel ideas. ❻ They’re constrained by a shortage of people who excel at choosing the right novel ideas. ❼ The Segway, a two-wheeled, self-balancing personal transporter, was a false positive: it was forecast as a hit but turned out to be a miss. ❽ Seinfeld, an American sitcom television series, was a false negative: it was expected to fail but ultimately flourished.

Originality is Not About Idea Generation, It's About Idea Selection.
[원문 출처]  "Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World" by Adam Grant Chapter 2, "Recognizing Good Ideas"
[한 줄 요약] The lack of originality in society is not due to a shortage of novel ideas, but rather a shortage of people skilled in selecting the right novel ideas, as demonstrated by the high number of completely unique ideas generated in a study and examples such as the false positive of the Segway and the false negative of Seinfeld.
[주요 유의어]  Bemoan: lament, complain, grieve, mourn  Originality: creativity, novelty, innovation, uniqueness Blame: attribute, fault, hold responsible, criticize  Absence: lack, nonexistence, deficiency, scarcity Generate: produce, create, formulate, come up with  Novel: new, innovative, fresh, original Barrier: obstacle, hindrance, impediment, obstruction  Selection: choice, picking, decision, curation Unique: one-of-a-kind, distinct, unparalleled, exceptional  Shortage: deficiency, insufficiency, inadequacy, scarcity Excel: perform exceptionally, surpass, outdo, exceed False positive: incorrect prediction of success or effectiveness Hit: success, triumph, victory, accomplishment Miss: failure, disappointment, defeat, setback False negative: incorrect prediction of failure or ineffectiveness  Flourish: thrive, prosper, succeed, do well

► Exercise 02  |  page 70

❶ A striking experiment was performed accidentally by Japanese anthropologists attempting to relieve an overpopulation and hunger problem in a community of monkeys on an island in south Japan. ❷ The anthropologists threw grains of wheat on a sandy beach. ❸ Now it is very difficult to separate wheat grains one by one from sand grains; such an effort might even expend more energy than eating the collected wheat would provide. ❹ But one brilliant monkey, Imo, perhaps by accident or out of pique, threw handfuls of the mixture into the water. ❺ Wheat floats; sand sinks, a fact that Imo clearly noted. ❻ Through the sifting process she was able to eat well. ❼ While older monkeys, set in their ways, ignored her, the younger monkeys appeared to grasp the importance of her discovery, and imitated it. ❽ In the next generation, the practice was more widespread; today all monkeys on the island are competent at water sifting, an example of a cultural 4 tradition among the monkeys.

The Accidental Experiment on Monkey Culture: The Tradition of Water Sifting.
[원문 출처]  "The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement" by David Brooks Chapter 7: The Cognitive Revolution: Consciousness, Mind, and Identity
[한 줄 요약] Anthropologists in Japan observed a monkey, Imo, who discovered that throwing handfuls of wheat and sand mixture into water allowed her to separate the wheat and eat well, and despite older monkeys ignoring her, the younger monkeys learned and imitated this practice, which became a cultural tradition among all the monkeys on the island.
[주요 유의어]  inherit 물려받다 = succeed to accede to Accidental: unintentional, inadvertent, unexpected, chance

 

Exercise 03  |  page 71

❶ The fact that a majority of the global population has at least some level of multilingual competence surely indicates that adding a second language is not a particularly remarkable feat. ❷ And yet, especially within powerful linguistic groups, it is common to find references to the difficulties involved or to the peculiar lack of language talents supposedly possessed. ❸ In the modern world, for example, English and American monolinguals often complain that they have no aptitude for foreign-language learning. ❹ This is usually accompanied by expressions of envy for those multilingual Europeans, and sometimes (more subtly) by a linguistic smugness reflecting a deeply held conviction that, after all, those clever “others” who don’t already know English will have to accommodate in a world made increasingly safe for anglophones. ❺ All such attitudes, of course, reveal more about social 3 dominance and convention than they do about aptitude.

The Social Dynamics of Multilingualism and Language Learning.

[원문 출처]  “Language Myths” by Laurie Bauer and Peter Trudgill Myth 14: 'Some Languages Are Just Not Learnable’ / Debunking Language Myths

[한 줄 요약] Despite the fact that the majority of people globally have some level of ability in more than one language, it is common for those from dominant linguistic groups to express difficulty in learning other languages, revealing more about social power dynamics than actual aptitude.

[주요 유의어]

 

Exercise 04  |  page 71

❶ A gentleman came into my stress-management office and said, ‘I’m mad at my boss. I don’t like my job. I don’t like the people that work with me. No one appreciates my work. I’m really angry.’ ❷ When I began teaching him about how his own thinking creates his angry feelings he said, ‘With all due respect, Dr. Carlson, I’m angry almost all the time, but I almost never think angry thoughts.’ ❸ Do you see where he was being fooled? ❹ Until that moment, he believed that ‘thinking’ meant the same thing as ‘pondering.’ ❺ Even though he may not have dwelled on his misery for hours at a time, he was nevertheless continually thinking negatively, a moment here and a moment there. ❻ He spent nearly all of his time thinking about the little things that irritated and annoyed him. ❼ It was almost as if the unstated goal of his life was to analyse it and to give his opinions on how various things affected him. ❽ His negative thoughts were creating his negative feelings and emotions and he didn’t even know he was thinking them. ❾ He 5 was a victim of his own thinking.

The power of negative thinking and its effect on emotions.

[원문 출처]  "Don't Sweat the Small Stuff" by Richard Carlson

[한 줄 요약] A man is unknowingly consumed by his negative thoughts, creating a cycle of negative emotions and becoming a victim of his own thinking.

[주요 유의어] appreciate: value, recognize, acknowledge  dwelling: obsessing, fixating, brooding misery: unhappiness, sorrow, distress  irritated: annoyed, bothered, provoked emotions: feelings, sentiments, moods, affects  victim: sufferer, target, casualty