2024학년도 수능특강 영어 영어독해연습 4강 01~06 원문 분석 (2023)

► Exercise 01  |  page 42

❶ Because actions are carried out in all walks of life, they have useful things to say about virtually all that you do. ❷ Start with sports. ❸ Each year, millions of dollars are spent on methods for helping runners run faster, broad jumpers jump farther, pole vaulters vault higher, and so on. ❹ Sports have seen huge advances in the past century, with new records being set at an astonishing pace. ❺ Records have been set because 2 new approaches have been taken to sports training as well as sports equipment, sports clothing, and the venues where sporting events take place. ❻ If you look at clothing worn by athletes in past times, it's no wonder that players today can perform so much more easily and effectively. ❼ Add to the new ways of dressing, changes in eating and the emergence of sports psychology (an entire discipline devoted to helping people prepare mentally as well as physically for competitions), and you can see how greater enlightenment has led to better athletic performance.

"Advancements in Sports: Unleashing the Potential of Athletic Performance" "From Training to Psychology: The Evolution of Sports Excellence" "The Transformative Journey of Sports: Unveiling the Secrets of Achievement" "Pushing Boundaries: How Innovation Fuels Sporting Success"

[원문 출처]  Action, Mind, and Brain: An Introduction David A. Rosenbaum 2. Applications and Methods

[한 줄 요약] Advancements in sports-related areas, including training, equipment, clothing, nutrition, and sports psychology, have led to remarkable progress and breakthroughs in athletic performance.

[주요 유의어] actions: activities, endeavors / useful: valuable, beneficial  / say: offer, provide insights into virtually: practically, nearly /  walks of life: various domains, spheres /  sports: athletics, physical activities methods: techniques, approaches  / runners: sprinters, athletes  / broad jumpers: long jumpers, leapers pole vaulters: pole vault athletes /  vault: leap, soar  / advances: progress, breakthroughs astonishing: remarkable, astoundin / g clothing: apparel, attire  / venues: arenas, stadiums worn: donned, sported /  easily: effortlessly, smoothly /  effectively: efficiently, proficiently changes: transformations, shifts  / emergence: rise, development

► Exercise 02 |  page 43

❶ Neuroscientists such as David Eagleman have done studies to examine the brain's internal clock. ❷ In one experiment, subjects watched a movie with fast-running cheetahs, with their legs coming off the ground, like Trinity in The Matrix. ❸ During the movie, a red dot of a fixed duration is flashed, when all four legs are suspended in midair. ❹ The same experiment is repeated with a small twist; in the second experiment, the same cheetah movie was played in slow motion, and the same annoying red dot blinked for the same duration as it had before when the cheetah caught air at normal speed. ❺ After the tests were compared, moviegoers believed that the red dot during the slow motion movie was shorter. ❻ "Your brain says I need to readjust my sense of time," said Eagleman. ❼ Our brain determines the time based on our knowledge of the laws of physics. ❽ Our perception of time is shaped by 2 the events it uses to measure time.

"Unraveling the Mystery of Time Perception: Insights from Neuroscience" "The Elastic Nature of Time: Experiments on the Brain's Internal Clock" "Playing with Time: How our Perception of Time Can be Altered" "Exploring Time Perception: The Influence of Visual Stimuli on our Sense of Time" "The Brain's Time Warp: Unveiling the Intricacies of Time Perception"

[원문 출처]  The Alchemy of Us Ainissa Ramirez How Humans and Matter Transformed One Another

[한 줄 요약] Neuroscientists, like David Eagleman, have conducted research exploring the brain's internal timing mechanisms, demonstrating how our perception of time can be influenced by the events we use as reference points, as observed in experiments with fast and slow-motion videos and a fixed-duration red dot.

[주요 유의어] Neuroscientists: Brain researchers, cognitive scientists /  Studies: Research, investigations Brain's internal clock: Neural timing mechanisms, temporal processing in the brain /  Experiment: Test, trial Movie: Film, video /  Cheetahs: Swift felines, fast-running animals  / Legs: Limbs, appendages Suspended: Airborne, lifted  / Fixed duration: Consistent time frame, unchanging length Slow motion: Reduced speed, decelerated movement /  Blinked: Flashed, appeared briefly Perception: Awareness, understanding  / Adjust: Adapt, modify Sense of time: Temporal perception, time awareness  /  Measure time: Gauge time, quantify temporal duration

Exercise 03  |  page 44

❶ From cave paintings to smartphones, human beings have been drawing or typing lines, letters, and figures, seeing their ideas, imaginings, thoughts, and dreams materialize outside their minds. ❷ They have done so not only to transmit them to others but also to converse with those others who are in fact themselves, reflecting upon their reflections. ❸ We use pieces of paper and computer screens to remember things we fear shall be forgotten, to perform complicated calculations we cannot complete in our heads alone, to organize the chaos that fills them, to ponder, and even simply to wander in our imaginations while doodling funny heads or endless chains of flowers. ❹ We conduct our lives surrounded by external devices that help us recall information, calculate, plan, design, make decisions, articulate ideas, and reflect once and again upon our inner thoughts and images. ❺ We think 2 with objects

"The External Manifestation of Thoughts: From Cave Paintings to Smartphones" "The Transformative Power of External Expression: Lines, Letters, and Figures" "External Devices as Extensions of the Mind: Tools for Communication and Reflection" "From Paper to Pixels: Exploring the Evolution of Externalizing Thoughts" "The Intersection of Ideas and Mediums: Harnessing the Power of External Representation"

[원문 출처]  Thinking Like a Linguist : An Introduction to the Science of Language / Jordan B. Sandoval, Kristin E. Denham Introducing Language Model

[한 줄 요약] Throughout human history, individuals have utilized various mediums, ranging from ancient cave paintings to modern smartphones, to manifest their thoughts, ideas, and imaginations externally, allowing for communication, introspection, and cognitive engagement with their own reflections and the reflections of others.

[주요 유의어] Cave paintings: Ancient drawings, prehistoric art / Smartphones: Mobile devices, handheld technology Drawing: Sketching, illustrating /  Typing: Writing, keyboard input  / Lines: Strokes, marks Letters: Characters, symbols /  Figures: Shapes, forms /  Materialize: Externalize, manifest Transmit: Share, convey /  Converse: Communicate, engage in dialogue /  Reflecting: Contemplating, pondering Pieces of paper: Sheets, documents  / Computer screens: Monitors, displays /  Remember: Recall, retain Perform: Execute, carry out  / Calculations: Mathematical computations, numerical operations Organize: Arrange, structure  / Ponder: Contemplate, think deeply  / Doodling: Sketching, scribbling External devices: Tools, instruments /  Recall: Retrieve, remember /  Articulate: Express, communicate Reflect: Ponder, contemplate /  Think: Cognize, contemplate  / Objects: Artifacts, physical entities

Exercise 04  |  page 45

❶ It shouldn't be surprising to consider that there might be 2 a set of complex rules that governs how linguistic units are stuck together or organized. ❷ After all, in what other science do we not see the same principle at play? ❸ Consider chemistry. ❹ The basic building blocks are atoms which together form molecules. ❺ But you can't just take any old atoms and stick them together. ❻ Each molecule is made up of a very specific combination of a very specific set of atoms. ❼ Consider water: We know that a water molecule is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen. ❽ Those amounts of those specific atoms follow some general principles of atom combination rules, and consequently, that type of molecule can exist. ❾ In introductory chemistry classes, a student learns the different elements of matter and what they're composed of, as well as learning the rules that govern how those elements/atoms are allowed to stick together. ❿ With that knowledge, they can begin to construct and deconstruct more complex organizations of matter.

"The Principles of Linguistic Organization: Drawing Parallels with Chemistry" "Exploring the Rules of Language and the Analogous Nature of Chemistry" "Linguistic Structure and Molecular Composition: Uncovering Similarities" "From Atoms to Words: Examining the Governing Principles of Organization" "The Science of Language: Insights from Chemistry's Molecular Rules"

[원문 출처]  It is reasonable to consider that there may exist a complex set of principles dictating the arrangement and combination of linguistic units, similar to the rules observed in other scientific disciplines like chemistry, where atoms form specific molecules governed by specific principles.

[한 줄 요약] the paradox faced by consumers in the modern age, who are encouraged to indulge in the marketplace to form their identities, yet are simultaneously warned to restrain their desires within socially acceptable limits, a dilemma that is intensified in the era of 'sustainability' and 'prosperity without growth'.

[주요 유의어] Complex rules: Governing principles, intricate regulations / Linguistic units: Language components, elements of speech Stuck together: Combined, assembled / Organized: Arranged, structured Science: Discipline, field of study / Principle at play: Operating principle, fundamental concept Chemistry: Chemical science, study of matter / Building blocks: Fundamental units, elemental components Atoms: Atomic particles, elemental entities / Molecules: Chemical compounds, molecular structures Stick them together: Combine, connect / Specific combination: Precise arrangement, particular composition Atom combination rules: Principles of atomic bonding / Exist: Be present, occur Composed of: Made up of, consisting of / Rules that govern: Principles that regulate, guidelines that control

 

Exercise 05 |  page 46

❶ The main difference between a story and an anecdote is that a story shows transformation over time. ❷ And the only thing that causes transformation is conflict. ❸ Think for a moment about something from your past that you might want to write about. ❹ Was there something you wanted that you had to struggle to get? ❺ Were there any obstacles, challenges, or antagonists that tried to stop you from getting what you wanted? ❻ Was there a moment when all seemed lost, when it seemed like quitting was the only option? ❼ Were you able to overcome those forces opposed to you? ❽ If you answered yes to these questions, you absolutely have a story to tell that is more complicated than simply what happened to you. ❾ Your story is a detailed retelling of how the things that happened to you affected you, what hard decision you made in the face of conflict and struggle, and 1 how you changed or what you learned_as a result.

"Unveiling the Power of Conflict: From Anecdotes to Transformative Stories" "The Role of Conflict in Crafting Compelling Stories" "From Anecdotes to Narrative Transformation: The Crucial Element of Conflict" "The Dynamics of Conflict: The Key to Captivating Storytelling" "Unleashing the Potential of Personal Narratives: Conflict and Transformation"

[원문 출처]  Stories Are What Save Us : A Survivor's Guide to Writing about Trauma David Chrisinger How Do You Know If You Have A Story To Tell?

[한 줄 요약] The primary distinction between a story and an anecdote lies in the fact that a story depicts a transformative journey over time, driven by conflict and the overcoming of obstacles, challenges, or antagonists.

[주요 유의어] Story: Narrative, tale, account  /  Anecdote: Incident, episode, short account Shows transformation over time: Portrays evolution, reveals change throughout a period Conflict: Struggle, opposition, challenge   /   Something from your past: Personal experience, reminiscence Struggle to get: Strive to obtain, exert effort to achieve  /  Obstacles: Hurdles, barriers, impediments Antagonists: Adversaries, opponents, foes  /  Quitting: Giving up, surrendering, abandoning Overcome: Conquer, surmount, defeat   / Forces opposed to you: Opposing elements, adversaries Complicated: Complex, intricate, multi-faceted   /  Affect: Impact, influence, shape Hard decision: Difficult choice, challenging resolution   /  Changed: Transformed, evolved, modified What you learned: Lessons, insights, knowledge acquired

Exercise 06  |  page 47

❶ Getting into a cold swimming pool is easiest at the deep end, but getting into a writing project is easiest at the shallow end. ❷ If starting seems difficult, you can fool yourself by easing into the job. ❸ When you've decided to "start" on a new manuscript (even if early writing means you already have a fair bit of material drafted), begin with whatever part of the project you find easiest. ❹ Don't worry if what you write first isn't the part that will be read first: readers won't know or care where you started. ❺ When I write a paper, I start with the acknowledgments. ❻ Sure, these are trivial, but once they're done, I feel as though I'm underway. ❼ Next I take a slightly harder step, perhaps drafting a figure or a table. ❽ Before long, I'm sweating over sentence structure in a hard section. ❾ Easing in doesn't change the fact that writing is hard work, but starting with something easy at least gives you momentum that sees you doing the harder stuff.

"Navigating the Writing Process: Easing In from the Shallow End" "Building Writing Momentum: Starting with Ease, Tackling the Hard" "Strategies for Writing Initiation: The Power of Starting Small" "From Trivial Beginnings to Sweating over Structure: Unveiling the Writing Journey" "Unlocking Productivity: The Art of Easing into Writing Projects"

[원문 출처]  The Scientist’s Guide to Writing : How to Write More Easily and Effectively Throughout Your Scientific Career / Stephen B. Heard Chapter 5, Getting Started / Easing In

[한 줄 요약] The process of starting a writing project can be facilitated by initially focusing on the easier aspects, gradually building momentum and transitioning to more challenging sections, as the order in which you begin doesn't affect the final outcome or readers' perception.

[주요 유의어] Getting into: Initiating, starting, embarking on / Cold swimming pool: Unfamiliar task, daunting endeavor Writing project: Manuscript, composition, paper  /  Easiest: Simplest, least challenging, most accessible Fool yourself: Trick, deceive, manipulate your perception /  Easing into: Gradually approaching, gently entering Part: Section, component, segment /  Drafted: Written, composed, created Worry: Concern, fret, stress /  Read first: Initial section, opening segment Trivial: Insignificant, unimportant, minor /  Acknowledgments: Gratitude, appreciation, thanks Underway: In progress, commenced, started  / Sweating over: Focusing intensely on, laboring over, grappling with Sentence structure: Syntax, grammar, composition  / Hard section: Challenging part, difficult segment Momentum: Drive, impetus, forward motion